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- English 106
- 4 December 1996
- Hamlet Analyzed in Terms of Aristotle's Poetics
-
- AristotleÆs Poetics is considered the guide to a
- well written tragedy; his methods have been used for
- centuries. In AristotleÆs opinion, plot is the most
- important aspect of the tragedy, all other parts such as
- character, diction, and thought stem from the plot.
- Aristotle defines a tragedy as ôàan imitation of an
- action that is serious, complete, and of a certain
- magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of
- artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in
- separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not
- of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper
- purgation of these emotionsö(p. 22). ShakespeareÆs
- Hamlet follows this definition for the most part, and
- even though it is not always in agreement with
- AristotleÆs guidelines, it is still a great and
- effective tragedy.
- Aristotle states that tragedy is ôan imitation of
- an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain
- magnitudeö(p. 22). Hamlet is an excellent example of
- this. The play centers around HamletÆs quest to avenge
- his fatherÆs death, this is a serious action. It is
- also complete in the sense that all the loose ends are
- tied together in a sensible, believable manner. Hamlet
- is able to avenge his fatherÆs death by killing his
- uncle. Shakespeare also follows AristotleÆs idea of the
- tragedy being of a certain magnitude. The characters
- are supposed to be the most perfect people whom the
- audience can still relate to. Hamlet is a wealthy
- prince, however he deals with the same problems as the
- common man. He is confused, paranoid, and angered about
- the circumstances surrounding his fatherÆs death. He is
- also unsure of himself and how he should handle the
- situation. The audience can relate to this uncertain
- feeling and they are able to empathize with Hamlet.
- Aristotle believes that in order for a tragedy to
- be effective, it must convey pity and fear. He defines
- pity as a felling that is aroused by ôunmerited
- misfortuneö (p. 27). Hamlet undoubtedly suffers this
- unmerited misfortune. He has done nothing to bring
- about his fatherÆs death. To make the situation even
- more painful, his mother has married his uncle whom he
- suspects is responsible for the tragedy. These
- circumstances illicit pity from the audience. The fear
- of impending evil is also prevalent in the play. As the
- plot progresses, it becomes clear that the king is
- plotting to kill Hamlet and Hamlet is planning to kill
- the king.
- HamletÆs plot is what Aristotle considers complex.
- It is accompanied by Recognition, which is ôa change
- from ignorance to knowledge, producing love or hate
- between the persons destined by the poet for good or bad
- fortuneö(p. 26). The Recognition occurs when the play
- within the play is staged for the king. The play is a
- reenactment of what Hamlet believes happened to his
- father. His uncle is so upset and flustered by the play
- that he runs from the room. This action indicates to
- Hamlet that his suspicions were correct and his uncle is
- indeed responsible for King HamletÆs death. Hamlet
- later finds the king in a church praying and is tempted
- to kill him there, but decides against it because he
- will go to heaven since he is praying. From this, the
- audience is able to infer that Hamlet will attempt to
- kill his uncle later in the play.
- Aristotle stresses that diction is important to
- make the tragedy believable. Shakespeare utilizes
- diction perfectly and everything his characters say is
- appropriate for them to be saying. For instance, the
- king speaks like a king, he always dodges like a true
- politician. There is an obvious and necessary
- difference between the way he speaks and the way the
- gravediggers speak. The gravediggers are common men and
- therefor, speak as thought they are common men.
- There are some aspects of Poetics that Shakespeare
- does not follow. For instance, Aristotle states that in
- a great tragedy, there should be unity of time, place,
- and action. By this he means the action of the play
- should take place in the amount of time it takes to
- perform it, it should occur in one setting, and there
- should be one main plot or action.
- Shakespeare breaks all these rules. The play spans
- over a significant period of time. Also, the action
- occurs in various settings ranging from the palace to a
- plain in Denmark. Finally, there are several plots
- taking place simultaneously. For instance, as Hamlet
- is struggling with the death of his father, Ophelia is
- going insane because Hamlet is not returning her love or
- showing any interest in her. The audience feels pity
- for Ophelia throughout her ordeal as well. Aristotle
- would not approve of all the subplots that occur within
- this play.
- ShakespeareÆs Hamlet is a great and effective
- tragedy which follows most of the guidelines set by
- Aristotle in Poetics. There are some aspects of Poetics
- that Shakespeare does not include or follow, however the
- play still effects the audience in the desired manner.
- In reality, Hamlet would not have the same impact if it
- followed all the guidelines. For instance, the whole
- aspect of the subplot about OpheliaÆs insanity adds so
- much to the play. Shakespeare broke some of AristotleÆs
- rules and still wrote an effective tragedy that has been
- appreciated by audiences for centuries.
- Saltzburg 5
-
- Nicole Saltzburg
- English 106
- Mr. McGrath
- 4 December 1996
-
- Hamlet Analyzed in Terms of AristotleÆs Poetics
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